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Sullins, a married Catholic priest (he was formerly Episcopalian) who recently retired as professor of sociology at the Catholic University of America, is listed as a senior research associate in his bio on the RI鈥檚 website. The bio also notes that the Rev. D. Paul Sullins will continue in his role as research professor and director of the Leo Initiative for Social Research at Catholic University.

Sullins also serves as a board member for the Society of Catholic Social Scientists and anti-LGBT hate group Center for Family and Human Rights (C-Fam). Prior to that, he was with the Marriage and Religion Research Initiative, which was part of the anti-LGBT hate group Family Research Council but now is part of the Catholic University of America.

The RI bills Sullins as 鈥渁 leader in the field of same-sex parenting and its implications for child development,鈥� but fails to note that he is only a leader in the anti-LGBT echo chamber of pseudoscience that attempts to paint same-sex parents and parenting as dangerous to children, a harmful trope the anti-LGBT right has been pushing for years.

Over the past decade especially, a 2015 article in The Atlantic , as marriage equality became law first in several states and then finally throughout the country, a small number of scholars have been claiming that children of same-sex parents are exposed to more harms than children of opposite-sex parents, arguments that are then used to argue against same-sex marriage and adoption.

The strategy to concoct studies on family structure and children to combat LGBT equality seems to have originated 聽hosted by the Heritage Foundation. Mark Regnerus, the author of the roundly discredited Regnerus Study, was in attendance, and would eventually receive $785,000 for his anti-LGBT project, the results of which were published in 2012.

Sullins continues this strategy in his own work, and has released several papers in the past few years that claim same-sex parents are bad for children, though his 鈥渞esearch鈥� 鈥� like other Christian Right pseudoscientific studies claiming similar things 鈥� 聽in which he conflates households headed by same-sex parents with households headed by unmarried parents or households characterized by disruption.

However, many, many more studies . Michael Rosenfeld, a professor of sociology at Stanford, told The Atlantic in an email, 鈥淩esearch鈥�has developed a scholarly consensus that shows that children raised by same-sex couples are at no important disadvantage.鈥� He went on to say, 鈥淭here is a noisy fringe of academics who claim that children raised by same-sex couples are in disastrous peril,鈥� a view that 鈥渉as little or no credibility within academia.鈥�

Sullins has been publishing his anti-LGBT research in pay-to-publish journals, meaning authors pay for their work to be included in for-profit journals that are generally not associated with any professional organizations.

The peer-review process in such journals raises questions, as sociologist Philip Cohen (University of Maryland) 聽in an examination of three articles that Sullins published. Cohen acknowledged that Sullins has in the past published in legitimate journals, but his work 鈥渘ow appears to have veered into the netherworld of scam open access journals (which, of course, does not include all open-access journals).鈥�

One of those anti-LGBT papers Sullins published in is the British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, which Cohen notes may not be British but is published by (SDI), an outfit with a reputation for spam that existed as a UK company twice, but both registrations for it have been dissolved, on the website scientificspam.net. The post also noted that despite that, SDI continued to process personal data without registering with the Information Commissioner鈥檚 Office, a criminal act in the UK.

These scam journals are not published by academic societies, not indexed by major academic journal databases, and they publish thousands of papers with little or no peer review at the expense of authors. SDI charges authors $500 鈥� the mandatory cost of one issue of the journal. They recruit authors, editors and reviewers through worldwide spam campaigns, Cohen points out, 鈥渢hat sweep up shady pseudo-scholars.鈥�

In 2016, Sullins 聽that claimed children who have same-sex parents are more prone in adulthood to a litany of ills, including depression, obesity, abuse and parental distance and that same-sex parents 鈥渕ay be problematic or dangerous.鈥�

The article appeared in Hindawi, a pay-to-publish Egyptian-based open-access journal, but after criticism about the article鈥檚 methodology, the journal 聽on its website that stated, in part,

On behalf of Hindawi Limited, the publisher of Depression Research and Treatment, we would like to express our concern with the article titled 鈥淚nvisible Victims: Delayed Onset Depression among Adults with Same-Sex Parents鈥� published in Depression Research and Treatment in 2016鈥�

The article has been cited to support arguments about same-sex marriage that Hindawi believes to be hateful and wrong. These arguments do not represent the views of Hindawi, our staff, or the editorial board of Depression Research and Treatment. We strongly condemn any attempt to justify hate speech or bigotry through reference to the scholarly record.

Regardless of Sullins鈥� problematic 鈥渟tudies,鈥� he is still touted as an 鈥渆xpert鈥� of same-sex parenting and its implications for children and his work finds regular audiences and validation on the anti-LGBT right, including the Ruth Institute.