The Battle for Berkeley: In the name of freedom of speech, the radical right is circling the Ivory Tower to ensure a voice for the alt-right
After several violent protests at the University of California, Berkeley, the 'alt-right' has turned its attention to the home of the Free Speech Movement as a focus to recruit students to the radical right.聽
Wearing a helmet emblazoned with the聽Oath Keepers insignia, goggles, padded gloves and knee pads, Stewart Rhodes jabbed his finger in the air and yelled into the microphone. Normally fixated with the federal government鈥檚 tyrannical reach to violate the constitution, at the University of California, Berkeley last week, his focus had changed.
Rhodes wasn鈥檛 there to defend gun rights or the public鈥檚 right to access聽federal lands, both battles that have put the group into the center of issues that animate the radical right. This time, it was the right of racists to speak in public.
鈥淭his is ground zero in the defense of the Constitution and the most important part of it 鈥斅爐he First Amendment,鈥� Rhodes said, addressing the audience over a public announcement system. 鈥淚f you don鈥檛 have the right to free speech and assembly, you are not free.鈥�
Rhodes was one of a dozen speakers who gathered last Thursday at Martin Luther King Jr. Civic Center Park, in the heart of Berkeley聽after the university cancelled a speaking engagement from conservative firebrand Ann Coulter, whose commentary on topics as varied as immigration and Islam earned her a cherished place in the alt-right. Coulter had vowed to make an appearance, regardless of the school's wishes, but cancelled when two student groups supporting her speech pulled their support amid concerns of more violence.
That didn鈥檛 stop a ragtag mix of far-right extremists and conservative student supporters, many donning helmets, carrying medical kits and clubs in expectation of another riot like three previous instances that have shaken the campus and put it in the national spotlight as the alt-right wages a war for the minds of America鈥檚 collegiate youth. They call it the 鈥淏attle of Berkeley.鈥�
Other schools have seen similar turmoil in the aftermath of President Trump鈥檚 successful political campaign, which succeeded by blowing repeated dog whistles to white Americans and, effectively, did more to advance racist ideologies than any politician in decades.
In March, at Middlebury College in Vermont, social scientist Charles Murray, who uses misleading statistics聽to argue that social inequality is caused by genetic inferiority, gave a speech that was disrupted by students and left聽one professor injured and 30 students facing disciplinary action. Last month, at Auburn University, Richard Spencer, one of the nation鈥檚 leading alt-right leaders, took the school to federal court after officials cancelled a planned speech.
But, perhaps more than any other school, Berkeley 鈥斅爐he birthplace of the Free Speech Movement in 1964 and home to a historically liberal student body 鈥斅爃as been a white-hot target in a growing effort to recruit students.
鈥淏erkeley. I only need to say that one word and you know exactly what I am talking about,鈥� Spencer said recently. 鈥淚t has become the battlefield for all of these forces that are part of the intensification and polarization of American politics, the fragmentation of the nation.鈥�
Those forces 鈥斅爐he alt-right and a growing antifascist movement of left-wing extremists vowing to meet white nationalists on campus 鈥斅爃ave repeatedly clashed at Berkeley, beginning earlier this year when protests erupted ahead of a Feb. 1 appearance by Milo Yiannopoulos, a former Breitbart tech editor. Protesters caused more than $100,000 worth of damage to the campus, the school said.
Then, on April 15, a rally on campus dubbed "the Next Battle of Berkeley" devolved into a riot when the far right 鈥斅燼lt-right figures, antigovernment movement leaders, and a conglomeration of conspiracy theorists and extremists ranging from anti-feminists to nativists 鈥斅燾ame itching for a fight and angrily voicing their support for Donald Trump. By the day鈥檚 end, 11聽 and six hospitalized. Police arrested 21 people on a variety of charges.
But the radical right was hardly finished with the campus. It was only the beginning.
Last week鈥檚 event was a turning point of sorts for alt-right figures who have focused on the campus. Unlike previous speeches that have been met with violence from the left,聽the day was remarkable for its calm.
"The fake news, the mainstream media, was there, and they wanted to paint this picture that the Trump supporters were there for violence. And it was completely wrong," Tim Treadstone, a former BuzzFeed social media strategist who goes by the name "Baked Alaska," told Infowars. Treadstone painted the event as a protest for constitutional rights, not that unlike efforts of a generation ago.
"Everyone should be standing up for free speech, even if you're a liberal,鈥� Treadstone said. 鈥淲e felt we had to go and not only defend Ann, but defend everyone's right to free speech."
But that question of free speech, and the fear of violence as a movement of antifascist protesters calling itself the 鈥淏lack Bloc,鈥� poses a challenge for colleges and universities, traditionally hotbeds of left-wing activists.
Lawrence Rosenthal, Chair of the Berkeley Center for Right-Wing Studies, which examines right-wing movements in the United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America, declined to comment for this report, but issued stressing that in a polarized political environment brought on by the election of President Trump, one that pits fascist movements against their opposition, right wing extremists are seeking to capitalize on a turn of tides.
鈥淪pencer argues that the fragmentation in American politic is moving toward a polarization where people will be forced to choose one or another armed side,鈥� Rosenthal wrote. 鈥淭his situation has not developed in the USA, even in this period of extreme political confrontation. But it is Richard Spencer鈥檚 goal.鈥�
Spencer鈥檚 goal of targeting college campuses to recruit students to the alt-right, and bring a movement that gained momentum online into the physical space, is not unique to a post-Trump era, though.
In 2006, while an undergraduate at Michigan State University, white nationalist attorney Kyle Bristow pushed the school鈥檚 chapter of Young Americans for Freedom toward a more racist identity, inviting a number of white nationalists to campus. That same year, Kevin Deanna, then a graduate student at American University, founded Youth for Western Civilization (YWC) to defend 鈥淲estern culture鈥� from the perils of 鈥渞adical multiculturalism.鈥� Others, including Patrick Sharp and Matthew Heimbach, both former YWC members, started White Student Unions at Georgia State University and Towson University in Baltimore.
But as much as President Trump鈥檚 campaign dog whistles normalized the movement of extremist ideologies into the mainstream of American politics, his campaign also excited conservative students who, like anti-Muslim extremist David Horowitz, rail against political correctness and argue that college campuses are 鈥渋ndoctrinating鈥� the youth.
What鈥檚 left is a political climate on campus, complicated by forces outside the university wishing to confront the alt-right with physical violence, that favors people like Spencer, who late last year launched a 鈥済et them while they鈥檙e young鈥� effort to recruit college students.
鈥淧eople in college are at this point in their lives where they are actually open to alternative perspectives, for better or for worse,鈥� Spencer told Mother Jones at the time. 鈥淚 think rewiring the neurons of someone over 50 is effectively impossible.鈥�
To that end, Spencer has won fans and acolytes from surprising corners by standing up to university officials in defense of his First Amendment rights.
Last month, just days before he was to give a speech at Auburn University鈥檚 Foy Hall, the university cancelled 鈥渂ased on legitimate concerns and credible evidence that it will jeopardize the safety of students, faculty, staff and visitors,鈥� school officials said in a written statement. Spencer quickly enlisted the help of Sam Dickson, a former Ku Klux Klan attorney, and forced the school to let his speech proceed.
In an op-ed for The New York Times, Geoffrey R. Stone, a law professor at the University of Chicago聽where Spencer finished his undergraduate studies, compared Auburn鈥檚 fight to efforts four decades earlier in Skokie, Illinois, a northern suburb of Chicago, to ban the neo-Nazi National Socialist Party of America from marching. Criticizing the university for canceling Spencer鈥檚 speech, while acknowledging that its concern of violence was legitimate, Stone explained that the Supreme Court has repeatedly ruled that a threat of violence for people other than a speaker gives 鈥減ower to a speaker鈥檚 opponents鈥� and 鈥渨ould encourage opponents of others speakers to make similar threats.鈥�
That case was 鈥渁 landmark victory for the First Amendment,鈥� Stone said, and proof that 鈥渢he rule of law must and can prevail鈥� for people like Spencer. After Berkeley's cancelation of聽Coulter鈥檚 speech, Spencer excoriated Coulter an in effort to celebrate his own legal victory as a 鈥渕odel that could be replicated.鈥�
聽鈥淲hen you have everyone on your side, you just can鈥檛 back down,鈥� Spencer said. 鈥淪ometimes you need to seize the momentum, and you need to pile on. You need to just jump on that wave and take advantage of it and just win now. That is what I did.鈥�
The approach has proven incredibly effective in inspiring college students, who find an age-old appeal in Spencer鈥檚 challenge of authority.
At the Berkeley rally last week, two bearded students wearing baseball helmets covered in Pepe the Frog stickers paraded through the crowd, one wearing an American flag as a cape and the other an alt-right flag for the fictional nation of 鈥淜ekistan,鈥� a flag modeled after flags produced by Hitler鈥檚 Third Reich. When asked what the flag meant, a student who declined to give his name laughed and said, 鈥淭he Kekistani flag is based on rustling jimmies.鈥�
鈥淩ustling Jimmies鈥� 鈥� a meme born from 4Chan that means to doing something to inspire a feeling of discomfort in those around you 鈥斅爏peaks to the unique motivations of those who fall under the banner of the alt-right. While the movement remains comprised of a hodgepodge of ideologies on the far-right, and its hard-core ideologues leaders, those carrying the banner on the ground are increasingly young people inspired by Trump and reacting to聽what they are told is the oppressive overreach of a politically correct left.
In his announcement that he would turn his focus to college campuses last year to recruit聽posted to the website of his journal Radix, Spencer provided a form for students to request his presence on campus, free of charge. There was a message, one the students at Berkeley seem to have read.
鈥淩ichard Spencer 鈥斅爐he originator of the term 鈥楢lt Right鈥� and one of the most politically incorrect men alive 鈥斅爄s coming to your college! He鈥檒l debate your favorite feminist professor 鈥� make the SJWs (social justice warriors) cry 鈥� and rustle the jimmies of the campus, if not the world,鈥� the announcement read.
The marketing of Spencer鈥檚 message is part of a trend targeting youth that argues, in the aftermath of decades of left-wing dominance on college campuses, conservatism is cool. It is a message that others have piggy backed on.
For weeks, Alex Jones' Infowars has hyped a new T-shirt. Silver with black letters advertising Infowars url, the shirt has a picture of conspiracy theorist Paul Joseph Watson, a growing presence on Jones network of radio, television and online channels, and a message a growing number of college students seem willing to advertise.
It reads simply, 鈥淐onservatism is the new counterculture.鈥�
