Financing Hate
Hate groups in America, for the most part, are severely underfinanced and often struggle to find ways to support their activities. But large numbers are using PayPal to sell their products and accept donations, generating fees for that firm, and some are also making significant commissions by advertising Amazon.com鈥檚 products.聽
Let鈥檚 say you鈥檙e in the market for a nice white-power hoodie or the latest CD from the hatecore band Brutal Attack. Or perhaps you just want to give some money to your favorite white supremacist outfit. You鈥檒l probably log onto a hate site, say the Holocaust-denying Barnes Review or the racist White Rabbit Radio, and head to their online shopping carts. And there you鈥檒l more than likely find yourself being asked to use a PayPal account to move money to these organizations.
PayPal, a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay, serves as the main financial tool for transferring money to American hate groups, and it earns fees on every transaction that vary in size according to a variety of factors. Research conducted by the Intelligence Report finds that at least 69 of the hate groups listed by the 澳彩开奖 (澳彩开奖) rely on PayPal to help finance their activities.
The irony is that PayPal bans such activity in its terms of service. PayPal says that its policy 鈥渞egarding payments for goods and services that may promote hate, violence, or intolerance鈥� considers the following factors: 1) The promotion or glorification of hate, violence or intolerance because of a person鈥檚 race, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender, disability, or sexual orientation; 2) any graphic portrayal of violence or victims of violence; and 3) previous activity associated with the account holder. It specifically bans the sale of 鈥淸i]tems containing Nazi, SS, or Ku Klux Klan symbols, including authentic German WWII memorabilia.鈥�
PayPal has taken steps to stop some hate sites from using its services. The largest and oldest white supremacist Web forum, Stormfront, had its PayPal account yanked some years ago for violation of its policy. Similarly, the neo-Nazi Vanguard News Network (VNN), whose motto is 鈥淣o Jews. Just Right,鈥� no longer is allowed to use PayPal. PayPal can be so vexing to white supremacists that an entire post on VNN tells readers how to evade its policies by creating anonymous accounts.
PayPal responded to the 搁别辫辞谤迟鈥檚 request for comment by asking for a list of hate sites using the service. 鈥淵ou are correct that PayPal does not allow the use of our service for the payment for goods or services that promote hate, violence or racial intolerance,鈥� wrote Peter Gau of PayPal鈥檚 media department. 鈥淭hough we can鈥檛 comment on specific accounts due to our privacy policy, we do review accounts which have been flagged to aupviolations@paypal.com for possible breaches of this important provision of our Acceptable Use Policy, and take action if appropriate. I encourage you to send the names of the sites you mention to this email address so our team can review鈥� them. At press time, it wasn鈥檛 clear if PayPal had cut off service to any sites on the 澳彩开奖 list or, if so, how many were affected.
Other Fish in the Sea
PayPal is not the only merchant service that serves hate groups, however inadvertently. Over at Amazon, the world鈥檚 largest online retailer, it鈥檚 possible for hate sites to earn money in a number of ways. Hate groups can and do advertise qualifying Amazon products on their own sites and earn commissions of up to 10%. A neo-Nazi site, for instance, could advertise books about World War II sold by major publishers and earn fees for referring its supporters to Amazon to buy them. In addition, even without advertising specific Amazon products, hate sites can and do encourage their visitors to do all their shopping at Amazon via portals on the hate sites, again generating significant commissions for the sites鈥� operators.
Take the blog VDARE.com, named after Virginia Dare, the first English child born in the Americas and a potent symbol for white nationalists. VDARE specializes in bashing non-white immigrants and is home to such illuminating essays as 鈥淚Q: Why Africa is Africa 鈥� and Haiti Haiti.鈥� In December, VDARE was carrying a banner ad atop its front page reading, 鈥淎mazon.com: Stop by Christmas Corner,鈥� and linking to holiday products on Amazon鈥檚 site. On the same front page, VDARE implored supporters, 鈥淩emember to聽enter Amazon via the VDARE.com link and we get a commission聽on any purchases you make鈥攁t no cost to you!鈥�
Amazon also facilitates the sale of publications by hate groups. For instance, Amazon sells a Kindle version of John Derbyshire鈥檚 From the Dissident Right, published by VDARE.com Books, and earns a small commission for doing so.
It鈥檚 not publicly known how much money VDARE earns from its relationship with Amazon, but it is likely a fair amount. In the case of the white nationalist book-selling site Counter-Currents Publishing, the site鈥檚 operators reported in December that it had earned nearly $20,000 through its referrals to Amazon.
Counter-Currents puts it like this: 鈥淸T]here is a way for you to help Counter-Currents all year 鈥檙ound: our Amazon.com Affiliate program. Wouldn鈥檛 it be great if you could choose where your sales taxes go? Well, Amazon.com鈥檚 Affiliate Program allows you to earmark 7% of your Amazon purchases to Counter Currents at no additional cost to you. That is about the average sales tax that Americans pay,鈥� reads the copy on their site. 鈥淚t鈥檚 simple: just enter Amazon.com from Counter-Currents, and we will receive a cut of anything you buy during that visit at no additional cost to you. That鈥檚 anything you buy, from books to DVDs to diapers.鈥� The publishing house says that for about two years it had made about $200 a month through Amazon, but that that number tripled in August of last year.
Counter-Currents, which sells such books as The Jewish Strategy by deceased Holocaust denier Revilo Oliver and collections of essays like those of the late neo-Nazi leader William Pierce, is run by two stalwarts of the white supremacist movement. The group鈥檚 longtime webmaster, Michael Polignano, praised Pierce during a 2004 speech to the European-American Unity and Rights Organization, run by former Klan leader David Duke. Earlier, in 2000, Polignano set off a firestorm of controversy when, while an undergraduate at Emory University, he wrote an editorial in the student newspaper arguing that 鈥渋ntelligence is primarily a matter of genetics and that the races differ considerably in their intelligence.鈥�
Polignano鈥檚 partner, Counter-Currents editor Greg Johnson, has written such essays as one praising the late British fascist leader Oswald Mosley. Another Johnson essay described a dystopian future for America with 鈥渞acial conflict exacerbated by massive non-white immigration, blatant anti-white discrimination, and desperate economic scarcity; and, of course, the ruinous costs of a new series of wars and interventions in the neighborhood of Israel.鈥�
The group also solicits donations through a PayPal account. As of November 2013, Counter-Currents said it had raised nearly $40,000 through that account.
鈥楾aking Appropriate Action鈥�
Another site that refers supporters to Amazon in return for commissions is the Pioneer Little Europe Kalispell Montana blog. Run by well-known neo-Nazi activist April Gaede, the blog is committed to 鈥渃reating racially conscious White communities鈥� in Kalispell and elsewhere. In December, it was advertising a radical survivalist book sold on Amazon, Patriots: A Novel of Survival in the Coming Collapse. Similarly, Bob鈥檚 Underground Graduate Seminar blog, which is dedicated to 鈥渇ighting white genocide,鈥� makes referrals to Amazon to fund its activities.
The Report contacted Amazon in September about the participation of hate groups and hate sites in Amazon programs that earn them commissions. Amazon said it would assign 鈥渁ppropriate teams to investigate, review applicable policies, and take appropriate action鈥� but that it would not give out 鈥渋nformation about any action taken.鈥� Three months later, in early December, the Counter-Currents and VDARE hate sites were still earning commissions through Amazon.
For hate groups like Stormfront that have been banned from PayPal there are other options for online money transfers. Stormfront now uses something called eWebcarts.com, an online service that does not appear to be used by any of the other hate sites reviewed by the Report. It is unclear who runs eWebcarts, as it is registered to a proxy and no information about the site appears online.
Another option, this one used by a Tennessee-based white supremacist radio show entitled 鈥淭he Political Cesspool,鈥� is Authorize.net. The racist Sons of Aesir Motorcycle Club uses something called miiduu.com, which also accepts PayPal accounts. The virulently anti-gay organization called You Can Run But You Cannot Hide is powered by Volusion. And North East White Pride, a group of New England neo-Nazis, uses Merchant One. But by and large, PayPal is the service of choice.
For more information on Stormfront, see聽.
Keegan Hankes contributed to this report.
