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Three Percenters聽often draw parallels between the U.S. government today and the British government聽in the 1700s, arguing that the聽current聽U.S. government is tyrannical and actively working to infringe on Americans鈥� Constitutional rights and liberties.聽They聽believe a聽small force of armed聽individuals聽can聽overthrow a tyrannical聽government, and many聽Three聽Percenters engage聽in聽paramilitary聽training and聽organizing to do so.聽Three Percenterism is at its core a vanguard extremist movement that claims to be ready to carry out armed resistance to perceived tyranny. Their perceptions of tyranny emanate from the radical conspiracy theories and paranoia rooted in the decades-old antigovernment extremist movement, and have repeatedly led to violence against America鈥檚 law enforcement, citizens and residents.

Three-Percenter groups often include a reference to this sub-ideology in their group name,聽commonly聽using聽鈥淚II%鈥澛爋r聽sometimes 鈥�3%.鈥澛燭hose who identify as Three Percenters sometimes hold up three fingers聽(the聽鈥淥K鈥� sign)聽to signal their affiliation with and聽allegiance聽to this antigovernment extremist聽belief.聽They also show their affiliation with the movement by displaying tattoos, clothing and stickers with Three Percent symbols聽on them.

In Its Own Words

鈥淕et an indictment. Present it to the sheriff. If they don鈥檛 uphold the law, that鈥檚 where the militia come in.鈥�

鈥淭he only good Muslim is a dead Muslim. If you鈥檙e a Muslim I鈥檓 going to enjoy shooting you in the head. When we go on operations there鈥檚 no leaving anyone behind, even if it鈥檚 a 1-year-old. 鈥� I guarantee if I go on a mission those little fuckers are going bye-bye.鈥�

鈥淭hat鈥檚 what my group does. We monitor them and their activity, we show up in their neighborhoods armed and let them know they鈥檙e being watched and if they fuck up my guys will take em [sic] out.鈥�
鈥� David Wright, leader of a Three Percenter group, Bureau of American Islamic Relations (BAIR)

鈥淚f you can use deadly force at Area 51 why cant (sic) the same be done at the border?鈥�
鈥� Chris Hill, leader of the III% Security Force, posting on one of his social media accounts

鈥淒o NOT discuss this virus in ANY WAY other than to discuss HARD FACTS about comparing this virus to the common yearly flue [sic] which also has and probably always will kill far more people every year than this ridiculous hoax ever will.鈥�
鈥�

Background

The movement was founded by antigovernment activist Mike Vanderboegh. Vanderboegh promoted Three Percenterism on his blog starting in 2008. He first published the movement鈥檚 doctrine聽online聽on June 29,聽2014. He聽described the Three Percent as聽gun owners聽who would not support the next gun control act.聽Vanderboegh was a veteran of the dangerous 1990s militia movement as leader of a militia group called the Sons of Liberty. 鈥淲e will not disarm,鈥� . 鈥淵ou cannot convince us. You cannot intimidate us. You can try to kill聽us, if聽you think you can. But remember,聽we鈥檒l聽shoot back. We are not going away. We are not backing up another inch. And there are THREE MILLION OF US.鈥澛�

Vanderboegh wrote on his blog in 2014:

The Three Percent idea, being an idea, is internalized and finds expression in action when required without any top-down organization issuing orders. This was on perfect display at the Bundy Ranch stand-off when Three Percenters from everywhere flocked on their own to the Bundy鈥檚 [sic] defense, interposing themselves between the Bundys and the Feds. No call was issued, they just came because they understood the concept of 鈥楴o聽More Free聽Wacos.鈥� The Feds were shocked 鈥� first into inaction and then into retreat. Indeed, the Bundy confrontation may be seen as the proof of the successful weaponizing of the idea of the Three Percent.

Vanderboegh was聽referring to聽the聽2014 standoff聽in聽Bunkerville, Nevada, and the Waco standoff between federal and Texas law enforcement officials and the Branch Davidians.聽聽

In addition to the Three Percenter groups supporting Bundy鈥檚 activities, at least one group leader may have sought to make money off the imprisonment of men arrested for their roles at the Bundy Ranch. In 2016, members of the 3% of Idaho militia accused their leader, Brandon Curtiss, of using funds reserved for the men they described as 鈥減olitical prisoners鈥� on himself.

鈥淚t is with heavy hearts,鈥� the members wrote, 鈥渢hat we, the undersigned, do solemnly testify to you that we believe that substantial portions of these gifts have been grievously misused within the Idaho III% organization.鈥� Member Eric Parker, who was charged for his part in the Bundy Ranch standoff, resigned from the group in protest.

In 2015, Brad Bartelt, a Three Percenter supporter, to detonate an improvised explosive device (IED) on the campus of Arkansas State University.

In 2017, members of the III% United Patriots of Minnesota were targets of an FBI investigation after an FBI informant spent months inside the group. As part of an effort to obtain a search warrant, the FBI told a judge , a convicted burglar, in March 2016 was used as evidence to support this. 鈥淚 can guaranty (sic) you that I鈥檒l be one of the first to start killing feds. And am actually trying to build up our capacity to challenge them,鈥� his post read.

Three members of the 鈥淲hite Rabbit Three Percent Illinois Patriot Freedom Fighters Militia鈥� were found in connection to firearms violations and for fire-bombing an Islamic Center in 2017. Emily Claire Hari, aka Michael Hari, the group鈥檚 leader, is a former sheriff鈥檚 deputy.

In addition to Hari, multiple members of law enforcement have been spotted with Three Percenter tattoos, patches, flags and stickers on their homes, masks, uniforms and vehicles in states across the country, including , , , , , , , and .

In , a group of officers in the police department鈥檚 Emergency Services Unit called themselves Three Percenters and wore patches with Three Percent symbols on them. The group was formed sometime around 2017. In 2019, the deputy chief of the department shared that the officers had been disciplined. In 2021, a found that three members of the Solano County Sheriff鈥檚 Office in California had posted Three Percenter iconography on their social media pages. One of the members was Sgt. Cully Pratt, brother to movie star Chris Pratt. Another was Sgt. Roy Stockton, a member of the Vacaville, California, city council. County Sheriff Tom Ferrara, as of March 2021, has said . The Solano County Board of Supervisors is considering the of a board to oversee the sheriff鈥檚 office.

In 2017, three members of the Kansas Security Force Three Percent splintered off and formed a group called 鈥淭he Crusaders.鈥� The group sought to blow up a residential compound housing Muslims and residents of Somali descent using four vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices (VBIEDs), hoping to begin a revolution. The group discussed using kidnapping, arson and rape as a weapon. The Three Percenters targeted a shopping mall frequented by Somali immigrants, vehicles belonging to people of Somali descent or other Muslims, local officials, landlords who rented to Muslims and local churches that supported Muslim refugees.

Members of the聽antigovernment聽group that聽聽in October 2020 to kidnap and聽hold hostage聽Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer聽were聽associated with the聽Three聽Percenter聽movement.

Adam Fox, a member of Three Percenters, plotted to kidnap Whitmer because of his objections to COVID-19 safety measures. Fox planned the kidnapping and recruitment activities with Barry Croft, another Three Percenter.

During the riot and attempted insurrection at the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, at least seven people associated with the聽Three聽Percent movement 聽on conspiracy and . Specifically, 鈥�3 percent so cal鈥� members have faced multiple arrests. These members were also documented flashing Three Percent hand gestures and donning Three Percent insignia.聽

One man associated with the 3 percent so cal, Alan Hostetter, is a former La Habra, California, police chief. On April 12, 2020, Hostetter hosted the first rally against COVID-19 stay-at-home orders in San Clemente, California. Hostetter ran a nonprofit called the American Phoenix Project, which was classified under educational services and schools, but was used by Hostetter to organize rallies in support of former President Donald Trump leading up to the Jan. 6 insurrection.

On Jan. 26, 2021, Napa, California, resident was charged with the possession of five pipe bombs, known as unregistered destructive devices. A Jan. 15 search of Rogers鈥� home turned up the pipe bombs, 49 guns, thousands of rounds of ammunition, possible bomb-making guides and a Three Percenter sticker. According to the federal criminal complaint against Rogers, text messages from his phone suggest that Rogers believed Trump had won the 2020 presidential election and laid out his plans to attack Democratic associated places, including the DNC offices in Sacramento, California.

In July 2021, the Canadian the Three Percenters as a terrorist entity, because of the threat posed by Three Percenters to national security.

Key figures and organizations in the聽Three Percenter聽movement聽

III% Security Force.聽A聽national聽militia headquartered in Georgia,聽founded in 2014 and聽led by聽Marine veteran聽Chris Hill聽(aka General聽Blood聽Agent). The group has聽advocated聽civil war, aligning with the boogaloo movement,聽which聽also聽articulates聽a聽desire for a civil war.聽The聽group regularly聽participates聽in聽paramilitary聽training.聽In addition, they聽founded聽nationwide聽rallies, which聽claimed a need for a redress of grievances聽against the聽U.S.聽government聽and聽participated聽in聽protests聽against聽the 2021 presidential election results.聽Group members often showed up armed.聽Hill聽is a聽years-long聽associate聽of Rep. Marjorie Taylor-Greene (R-Ga.), who has聽attended聽multiple聽events where the聽group聽was present.聽

American Patriots III% (APIII).聽A聽national antigovernment extremist organization聽originally聽headquartered in聽New York but now based in聽Pennsylvania. The organization was founded by Scott Seddon in 2009, as were聽a number of聽antigovernment extremist groups, following the election of President Barack Obama. APIII was an attempt to organize a national network of Three Percenter groups across the country.聽The group has local chapters in most states.聽Many of these聽chapters engage in regular paramilitary training and use a paramilitary structure to organize themselves. The group has put out 鈥渃alls to action鈥� and has shown up as armed security at various events and rallies. As reported by聽, many members of APIII are current or former military and/or law enforcement, including Seddon, a military veteran.聽

III% United Patriots聽(3UP).聽A聽national聽militia headquartered in Colorado,聽founded聽by聽Mitch Nerem聽and Marine Veteran Mike Morris, aka Fifty Cal.聽The organization聽has聽claimed that聽its聽objective聽is to聽build a patriot network.聽Morris has said, 鈥淲e鈥檙e not out looking for some newfound revolution. But we are prepared, should the day come, to defend our nation, defend our neighbors, and defend our way of life.鈥澛燭he group has聽participated聽in聽paramilitary聽trainings聽and聽border vigilantism, setting up camp along the American and Mexican聽border聽in past years. The group has聽alleged聽that they聽coordinated聽with border patrol agents on the detention of migrants.聽One leader of the militias border patrol is Jerry Karl, aka Ghost, who made incendiary聽statements about Muslims in America聽in a video聽he聽posted to Facebook on March 16, 2019. (Hatewatch is not linking to the video because of the hateful content.) 聽

III% Georgia Martyrs.聽A militia headquartered in聽Georgia, founded in 2020,聽and聽led by聽Justin Thayer, aka Slayer. Thayer was originally a member of the III% Security Force but broke off and started聽the III% Georgia Martyrs.聽Thayer has said:聽鈥淲e take strictly a defensive posture.聽We don鈥檛 go to counter聽protests;聽we don鈥檛 go bounty hunting or anything like that. We鈥檙e here strictly to protect our cities and it has to be defensive only.鈥澛燨n April 6,聽2020,聽the group responded to a comment聽about their group name on a web forum they used for聽recruiting聽called聽mymilitia.com, saying聽鈥淲e picked that name because we are willing to die for our beliefs and cause. Not everyone is prepared for that.鈥澛燭he group provided security for militia linked Georgia Rep. Marjorie Taylor-Greene and then Sen. Kelly Loeffler at a second amendment rally in Ringgold, Georgia on Sept. 19, 2020.